Mexicans Defending Tejas
Mexican leadership did not always agree as the war progressed. Below is a quick look at a number of those defending the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas.
Francita Alavez or the “Angel of Goliad”
In 1836, Francita Alavez accompanied Mexican Army Captain Telesforo Alavez on campaign; she was then about twenty years old. At Goliad, she exercised her influence with Mexican officials to have them spare the lives of many Texan prisoners of war. Because of her appeals, more than 100 rebels evaded execution. Following San Jacinto, she withdrew to Matamoros, where she provided assistance to other captured Texans. Later, when Alavez abandoned her, Francita became destitute. Recalling her many compassionate deeds, Texan friends came to her aid and she spent the remainder of her days working on the King Ranch.
![](https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG1_Alvarez_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=320&s=027b5e880ecc49573672658646f13660 320w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG1_Alvarez_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=540&s=2857e8109b557714ea6e62d51933b6e6 540w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG1_Alvarez_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=768&s=cef1b56de760cf57a1cb3b3fd2a7d8b6 768w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG1_Alvarez_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=1024&s=50b979f55fa34d64904640bcaa07596d 1024w)
Francisco de Castañeda
Lieutenant Castañeda played decisive parts in both the opening and closing incidents of the Texas Revolution. As a member of the Second Flying Company of San Carlos, he billeted inside the secularized (but not abandoned) San Antonio de Valero Mission. On September 27, 1835, Castañeda led 100 dragoons to Gonzales to retrieve a cannon. But residents refused to relinquish their ordnance and the battle of Gonzales—the “Lexington of Texas”—resulted. On June 4, 1836, Juan Seguín, an officer of the Texas Republic, accepted the formal surrender of San Antonio from Castañeda, in the revolution’s last official act.
Martín Perfecto de Cos
Born in Veracruz in 1800, General Cos saw more action during the Texas Revolution than most Mexican officers. In 1835, the 36-year-old general commanded troops during the siege and storming of Béxar. In 1836, he fought at the Alamo and later at San Jacinto. He was related to Santa Anna, but sources disagree exactly how. In Mary Austin Holley’s 1836 book, she labeled Cos as Santa Anna’s brother-in-law; others identified him as a cousin or nephew. Yet, Cos’s service records reveal that he was single in 1836. He later married Santa Anna’s sister, but that was not until 1840.
![](https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG3_Cos_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=320&s=23128588110df71e25eb573c2ca93eb9 320w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG3_Cos_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=540&s=4695ea23cb0cd58e1038cc51732b5ce8 540w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG3_Cos_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=768&s=cfb5bcc549a88bf47e2694ed96a14789 768w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG3_Cos_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=1024&s=5326b58ebc4ddf4e4c99d141715601a6 1024w)
José Nicolás de la Portilla
Lieutenant Colonel Portilla was born in Vera Cruz in 1808. Following the battle of Coleto, General José de Urrea placed Texan prisoners under Portilla’s custody at Goliad. On March 26, Mexican Dictator Santa Anna directed him to execute his captives immediately. But, he also received Urrea’s instructions to "treat the prisoners with consideration.” He passed an agonizing night before concluding he had no option but to follow the supreme commander’s directive, resulting in the Goliad Massacre, during which Mexican soldiers gunned down some 342 helpless Texans. The shame of that decision followed Portilla to his grave.
![](https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG4_Portilla_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=320&s=5dfad4bfa1e018968ca2323f2eb03dc3 320w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG4_Portilla_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=540&s=90607eaebc97484dc019404c7d5792c3 540w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG4_Portilla_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=768&s=c16208129b23838b0bf8b6bb1d9fd11d 768w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG4_Portilla_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=1024&s=561f14b7b4ec8a7a22d2d9914436032f 1024w)
Antonio López de Santa Anna
Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón worked hard to justify such a grandiose name. But he left his mark on Mexico—and Texas. During a twenty-two-year period, the self-styled "Napoleon of the West," served as president eleven times. Born in Jalapa, Veracruz, in New Spain, on 21 February 1794, he was 42 years of age in 1836. During his Texas Campaign he demonstrated both laudable brilliance and deplorable folly. Supremely ambitious, at least he knew it. He once observed, “If I were made God, I should wish to be something more.”
![](https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG5_SantaAnna_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=320&s=5ce5f7ec465454cf4327d70505b36955 320w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG5_SantaAnna_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=540&s=08857d21574769b8b57ca13fb47e91a4 540w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG5_SantaAnna_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=768&s=5c3474b95110e0e4a993d35e7c1a352b 768w, https://texas-time-travel.imgix.net/images/Mobile-Tours/TX-Revolution/TIE_ALT1A_IMG5_SantaAnna_100517.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=max&position=50%2050&q=80&w=1024&s=e98d7791eee600fbb60af01f829dccb1 1024w)
Domingo de Ugartechea
In 1835, Colonel Ugartechea was the Mexican military commandant headquartered at San Antonio de Béxar. As such, he dispatched dragoons to Gonzales to confiscate a cannon, an edict that ignited the Texas Revolution. On October 28, at the battle of Concepción, 90 Texans overwhelmed the 275 Mexican soldiers he commanded. The 44-year-old Ugartechea served throughout the siege and storming of Béxar and, in December, retreated with General Cos. But he returned to Texas for the 1836 campaign, when he commanded reserve troops stationed at Copano, Victoria, and Goliad. Following the devastating defeat at San Jacinto, he retreated to Matamoros.
José de Urrea
General José de Urrea was born at El Presidio de San Augustín de Tucson—modern-day Tucson, Arizona. The 39-year-old achieved distinction for his Goliad Campaign, during which he won every engagement he fought. At the battle of Coleto Creek, he surrounded and captured Colonel James W. Fannin’s entire force. Following San Jacinto, Urrea bitterly resented receiving retreat orders from his superior, General Vicente Filísola. As he explained it: “My division at that time was in the finest condition. Each soldier could hold his head proudly, for up to then they had met only victory in every encounter with the enemy.”
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